Fluid compressor



C. M. TURSKY FLUID COMPRESSOR Nov. 20, 1934.

Filed Feb. 9, i955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 20, 1934.

c. M. TuR'sKY FLUID COMPRESSOR Filed Feb.. 9, 1953 I sheets-sheet Hal Patented Nov. 20, 1934 UNITED rlhis invention relates to apparatus of the general character forming the subject matter of Letters Patent of the United States granted to me and respectively Nos. 1,371,824 dated March 15, 1921; 1,478,929 dated December 25, 1923; 1,533,-

958 dated April 14:, 1925; 1,871,285 dated August 9, 1932; and 1,880,590 dated October 4, 1932; in that a pair of axially alined rigidly connected pistons are adaptedto be recipro'cated by a crank member carried between said pistons and fitted to reciprocate transversely to the airis of said pistons and having at its outer end a ball ritted in a socket so as to rotate on an airis at right angles to the axis oi said pistons. However, the apparatus disclosed in each of said Letters Patent is characterized by the reciprocation of said pistons within a stationary cylinder, by means of a, rotary crank; Whereas, my present invention involves a substantial reversal of that arrangement in that it is characterized by the reciprocation of the pistons Within a rotary cylinder, by means of a crank which is held stationary.

My present invention is advantageous as compared with the apparatus of said Letters Patent in that the new arrangement permits the moving parts to be continually maintained in balanced relation so that the operation of the apparatus is eiected substantiallyA Without vibration of the rotary parts and with less expenditure of energy.

My invention includes the various novel features of construction and arrangement hereinafter more deiintely specified.

In said drawings, Fig. I is a vertical sectional View of a fluid compressor conveniently embodying my invention, With a cylinder thereof directly connected with the armature shaft of an electric motor for turning it, the motor and the base supporting the same being shown in elevation.

Fig; II is a transverse sectional View of the compressor mechanism shown in Fig. I, taken on the line II, II, in that figure.

Fig. III is a plan view of the crank shaft, having the eccentric ball socket, which is held stationary in the position shown in Fig. I, and the crank pin member having the ball end which is mounted to be turned and oscillated in said socket by the rotation of said cylinder.

In said figures, the base plate 1 is rigidly connected With the bearing bracket 2 for the crank shaft 3 Which is rigidly held in said bracket by the nut f1. The stress of said nutfr upon the shaft 3 also serves to clamp the ball bearing race member 5 inl rigid relation with said bearing bracket 2.

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.ing race member '16 in opposition to', ,said Vstationary ball race memberl f5, vvitl'i'thecir'ular series ai diametre-ally appetit-.ences triereetwe siiilar cylindrical seats 1 8 in which are respect iv'lyy erred Similar liner eyliriderje 1 9 eeen-inverser; 75 annular flange 20; respectively be-ang against 11150111.61 ends Of Seid cvliiidrilsat 1.8.-, Said liner cylinders areresp'eetivelyilelu in rigid relarijen with said Cylinder 12 bvrespeeiive normally stationary but removable" screw plugs bear upon the outer ends of said liner cylinders 19 'and clamp themagainst the outer ends of said seats 1 8, as shown in FigsIand II. said cylinders 12 are capteurs respj tive-ly receive the similar pistons 2 1 which are rigidly lconnected by theV tubular piston rod 25. Said rod 2'5Mh`as, intermediate of said pistc in's 2' 4, l the ycylindricalbearing 27 With its anis at right angles to the common airis of saidjpirstons and fitted to receive theel-ank member U28 vvh ilch l1a s at its outer enc the b'all 2e shown in Fig. 1, npteairi the spherical seeker 3o lwin-elfi is rigidlyelaiirped in connection with said crank 3 by the screw 001,191, 31,-.. Tire construction end erragerrierit last above described are' such that When the motor 7 is energized to turn the rotary body 12, its: cylinders 19 are reciprocate'd onthepistons 24 held by, ,the crank pin 28 in the socket 30; with astrokewhich is, of course, double that oflthe extent said ball socket is eccentric with respect to the ,axisoi said shaft 3. Said crank pin'28 isturn'ed andnoscillated in a vertical plane, upon itsbaill :29, and said pistons are rocked upon their comi, i1 axis by such oscillatory movement oi the member 28 While said cylinders are thus reciprocated. 's ueli relative reciproeailo'rl df the ,pistonsl 2,4., de; eesie'ried ,by reieiion ef the eyllridrjiz, is er; feelin/ato pump' air from vthe@putje jtmojsp re through one or more ports 33 insaid cylinder cover plate 11, shown in Fig. I,v compress it in said liner cylinders 19, and dischargethe compressed air throughthe outlet conduit 34 shown in Fig. I in coaxial relation with said crank 3.

During the operation of said compressor; the air drawn through the port 33 from the outer atmosphere passes through the chamber between the cover plate 11 and the cylinder 12 and thence to the respective liner cylinders 19 through respective pairs,'of,ports 36 in the cylinder 12 which'extend through the side walls of said seats 18 which have annular air passages 37 in communication with ducts 38 formed in the respective screw plugs 22 and leading to the interior of said liner cylinders 19. Said ducts 38 are normally closed by the annular inlet valves 39 which have their outer edges fulcrumed in respective annular recesses in the plugs 22, as indicated in Figs. I and II, but have their inner edges flexed upwardly by the air drawn into the cylinders 19 by the operation of the pistons 24. Said valves 39w serve to prevent the escape of air through said ducts 38 upon reverse movement of said pistons. Y y

VEach of saidy pistons 24 is provided with a valve 40, which is a'iiat annular plate adapted to normally close ports 41 in the respective valve casings r42 which are mounted in the outer ends of said pistons,- under'pressure ofsprings 43 which encircle axial studs 44 which are stationary in said valve casings 42. It is tobe understood thatas the-pistons l24-are reciprocated by the meansy above described, they alternately suck the air into their 'respective liner cylinders 19 and discharge the same through said valve ports 41. Said ports 41 are'in communication vwith the hollow interior of said piston rod 25 when said yvalves. 40 are displaced from` their'seats by the 'outward movement of said pistons, "and said interior ofthe rod 25 is in communication with the hollow interior of the crank member'28-through the ports y46 which extend ,radially through said member 28, asbest shown in Fig."II. e As shown in Fig. I, the hollowinterior of said crankl member 28` is in direct communication with thehollow interior of said crank 3 and thence with the conduit 34.

' I find it convenient to lubricate the mechanism above described by providing the bracket 2 with the oil inlet '47 which is in communication with i the annular groove 48 in said bracket surrounding said crank l3. That groove 48 is in communicationwith the groove 49 extending longitudinally in thecircumference rof said crank 3, as shown in Fig. I, and leading into the ball bearing cap 31 which directs the lubricant through the ports 50 inthe spherical Ysocket 30 in communication with thel ducts 51 in the crank pin 28 through which the'lubricant is delivered to the bearing 27 by way' of the plurality of openings 52 extending from said ducts 51 tothe outer surface of said member 28, as shown in Fig. I. As indicated in Fig. IIs'aid ducts are conveniently formed of holes drilled in said crank member 28 parallel with` its axis and plugged at their right hand ends, as indicated in Fig. I.

With the proportions shown, the crank pin 28 is turned about one revolution during each four revolutionsr` of the rotary body 12, with the advantageous result that,v of course, the valves and other detailsV of construction and arrangement above specified may be A otherwise constructed and arranged. '-Therefore, I do not desire to limit myself to the'precise details of construction and arrangement herein set forth, as itis obvious that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the essential features of my` invention, as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

l. In a uid compressor, the combination with a base member; of a crank shaft; means normally s holding said crank shaft in stationary position on said base member; a ball socket carried by said crank shaft in eccentric relation with the axis of said shaft; a cylinder mounted to rotate in concentric relation with the axis of said crank shaft; two cylinders in coaxial relation with each other and in diametrical relation with said rst cylinder; two pistons rigidly connected by a tubular piston rodand mounted to respectively reciprocate in said axially alined cylinders; a cylindrical bearing in said piston rod intermediate of said pistons with its axis at right angles to the common axis of said pistons a crank member fitted to recipl rocate in said bearing in said rod and having a ball at one end fitted for oscillation in said ball socket; whereby rotation of said first cylinder causes said pistons to reciprocate in said axially alined cylinders; and valves controlling the passage of air to and from said axially alined cylinders; whereby air is taken from the outer atmosphere, compressed in, and discharged from said axially alined cylinders by the reciprocation of said pistons. A.

2. Apparatus as in claim 1, wherein the axially alined cylinders are normally held in said first los cylinder by respective screw plugs at their outer e ends having ducts for the passage of air to said axially alinedcylinders from said first cylinder.

, 3. Apparatus as in claim 1, including anelectric motor having `an armature shaft in concentric relation with said first cylinder to rotatethelatter upon the axis of said crank shaft and having a ment of said piston transverselyy with respect toy its axis; a cylinder in said rotary body engaging said piston and having its axis transverse to 'that of said body; whereby rotation of said body effects compression of the fluid by reciprocation of said cylinder with respect tov said piston; Vand. valve means for automatically controlling the flow of fluidtoand from said cylinder in accordance with the movement of the latter.'

' 5. In a iiuid compressor, the combination with a base member; of a body mounted to rotatev on saidbase member; a crank member fixed -on said base member eccentric to the axis of rotation of said body; a pair of pistons; a rod rigidlyconnecting said pistons in coaxial relation; means cooperatively connecting said crank member with said piston rod intermediate of said pistons, limiting the freedom of movement of said pistons to oscillationv upon their common axis; means preventing movement of said pistons'transversely with respect to their axis; a pair of cylinders in said rotary body respectively engaging said pistons and having a common axis transverse to that of said body; whereby rotation of said body effects compression ofthe fluid by reciprocation of said cylinders with respectto said pistons; and valve means for controlling the flow of fluid to fsu and from said cylinders in correspondence with the movement of the latter.

6. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a base member; of a body mounted to rotate on said base member; a crank member having a ball socket xed on said base member, eccentric to the axis of rotation of said body; a piston; a crank pin having a ball end journaled in said socket for transmitting rotary and oscillatory movement from said rotary body to said pin, and limiting the freedom of movement of said piston to oscillation upon its own axis; means preventing movement of said piston transversely with respect to its axis; a cylinder in said rotary body engaging said piston and having its axis transy verse to that of said body; and valve means for controlling the ow of fluid to and from said cylinder; whereby rotation of said body effects compression of the uid by reciprocation of said cylinder with respect to said piston, and rotary and oscillatory movement of said crank pin, the rotary movement of said pin effecting uniform distribution of the Wear upon the spherical surfaces of said socket and ball incident to the oscillatory movement of the latter.

7. In a fluid compressor, the combination with a base member; of a body mounted to rotate on said base member; a stationary crank memberv having a ball socket fixed on said base member, eccentric to the axis of rotation of said'body; a pair of pistons rigidly connected in coaxial relation; a cylindrical bearing between said pistons with its axis extending transversely to the axis of said pistons; a crank pin journaled in said bearing and having a ball end journaled in said socket and limiting the freedom of movement oi said pistons to oscillation upon their own axis; means preventing movement of said pistons transversely with respect to their axis; a pair of cylinders in said rotary body respectively engaging said pistons and xed in coaxial relation upon an axis transverse to said body; and valve means for controlling the flow of fluid to and from said cylinders; whereby rotation of said body effects compression of the fluid by reciprocation of said cylinders with respect to said pistons, and rotary and oscillatory movement of said crank pin, the rotary movement of said pin effecting uniform distribution of the wear upon the spherical surfaces of said socket and ball incident to the oscillatory movement of the latter.

, CHARLES M. TURSKY. 

